An investigation is underway into the Jeju Air crash which killed all but two of the 181 passengers on board.
Authorities in South Korea are working to determine exactly what caused the tragic plane crash at Muan International Airport on Sunday (29 December) morning local time.
Shocking footage of the incident appeared to show the Boeing 737-800 jet skidding across the runway without having deployed its landing gear.
It then collided with a concrete wall at the end of the 2,800m runway and burst into flames.
The pilot of the plane, which had departed from Bangkok, Thailand, reported that it had struck a bird before the deadly crash, according to the BBC.
Investigators are now trying to find out what other factors may have played a part in the incident, such as the aircraft’s control systems being disabled.
Aviation experts have also been questioning why the ‘unusual’ concrete wall was located at the end of the runway.
(Chris Jung/NurPhoto via Getty Images)
The 4m tall dirt-and-concrete embankment at the South Korean airport was part of a guidance system, which helps pilots land when visibility is poor or at night.
But according to David Learmount, who is the operations and safety editor of Flight International magazine and an aviation boffin, it’s positioning proved to be the ‘defining moment’ of the tragedy.
He believes that if the Boeing 737-800 had not hit the wall, it would have instead gone through a perimeter fence and across a road before coming to a stop in a nearby field.
“To have a hard object about 200m or less into the overrun, I’ve never seen anything like this anywhere ever before,” he told Sky News.
“There was plenty of space for the aircraft to have slowed down, come to a halt.
“And I think everybody would have been alive…the pilots might have suffered some damage going through the security fence or something like that.
“But I even suspect they might have survived.”
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Lufthansa pilot Christian Beckert described the concrete wall as ‘unusual’ to Reuters, saying: “The reason so many people died was not the landing as such, but the fact that the aircraft collided with a very hard obstruction just beyond the runway end.
“Normally, on an airport with a runway at the end, you don’t have a wall.”
According to South Korea’s Yonhap News Agency, a navigation system which assists aircraft landings – known as a localiser – is inside of the concrete structure.
It is reported to have been raised and covered with dirt to keep this system level which the runway to ensure it works correctly.
At most airports, the instrument landing systems are placed on collapsible structures.
Discussion is now mounting around whether the pilots of the fateful Jeju Air flight knew the barrier was there.
Aviation analyst Sally Gethin told the BBC: “We need to know, were (the pilots) aware there was this hard boundary at the end?
“If they were directed by the control tower to reverse the use of the runway the second time around, that should come out in the investigation of the black boxes.
“I think there are so many questions.”